![]() ![]() Historical-biblical criticism includes a wide range of approaches and questions within four major methodologies: textual, source, form, and literary criticism. This quest for the historical Jesus began in biblical criticism's earliest stages, and has remained an interest within biblical criticism, on and off, for over 200 years. The Enlightenment age, and its skepticism of biblical and church authority, ignited questions concerning the historical basis for the human Jesus separately from traditional theological views concerning his divinity. German pietism played a role in its development, as did British deism, with its greatest influences being rationalism and Protestant scholarship. ![]() ![]() 1800) led to the creation of biblical criticism, although some assert that its roots reach back to the Reformation. Most scholars believe the German Enlightenment ( c. This sets it apart from earlier, pre-critical methods from the anti-critical methods of those who oppose criticism-based study from later post-critical orientation, and from the many different types of criticism which biblical criticism transformed into in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. During the eighteenth century, when it began as historical-biblical criticism, it was based on two distinguishing characteristics: (1) the scientific concern to avoid dogma and bias by applying a neutral, non-sectarian, reason-based judgment to the study of the Bible, and (2) the belief that the reconstruction of the historical events behind the texts, as well as the history of how the texts themselves developed, would lead to a correct understanding of the Bible. Biblical criticism is the use of critical analysis to understand and explain the Bible. ![]()
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